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Plantago australis

Lam. (1792)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Plantaginaceae Genus: Plantago

dwarf plantain

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Perennial herbs.

Stems:

Roots: Stout rhizomes up to 10 cm long.

Leaves: Leaves simple. Leaves basal. Blades elliptic to elliptic–oblanceolate, 4–35 cm long, 1–7.5 cm wide, blades undifferentiated from petioles. Surfaces sparsely to moderately pilose, especially along veins. Margins remotely denticulate. Usually 5–7-veined. Petioles winged 0.5–15 cm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in scapes 10–50(–100) cm long; spikes 3–50 cm long, moderately pilose, flowers crowded, less so toward base. bracts often purple–tipped, narrowly deltate, 1.64.5 mm long, outer surface ciliate and pilose, bracteoles absent. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx of 4 sepals, unequal, anterior ones connate at base, elliptic, (1.7–)2–3 mm long, posterior ones distinct, ovate. Corolla salverform, 4-lobed, scarious, persistent in fruit, the tube covering the upper part of the capsule, lobes erect and coherent, 1.7–3.4 mm long. Stamens 4, alternate with the corolla tubes; filaments adnate to corolla tube; anthers long–exserted, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary superior, 2-carpellate, with as many cells; ovules 3, placentation axile, ; style 1, terminal, slender.

Fruit: Capsules ellipsoid; 2.7–3.2 mm long; dehiscent at or slightly below middle; circumscissile at or below the middle; enclosed in the persistent calyx. Seeds 3; dull black; ellipsoid; compressed; 1.2–2.2 mm long; with well–developed; firm; translucent endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 24; 48

Habitat: Open; disturbed areas and wet forest.

Elevation Range: 820–1,900 m.

Historical Distribution

Accepted Subtaxa (in Hawai'i) (1)

Plantago australis subsp. hirtella (Kunth) Rahn

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Molokai Naturalized
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Tabl. Encycl. 1: 339 (1792)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Plantago australis Lam. East Maui, Hana District, Haleakala Crater, Kaupo Gap, at cove S of Waikekeehia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H. 21208 Maui BISH 8/27/1945
2 Plantago australis Lam. east maui, ukulele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 169 Maui BISH 7/1/1910
3 Plantago australis Lam. chain of craters rd. about 4.1 mi toward kalapana from inersection with crater rim road. drive up side road with cable across entrance (escape rd.) between 1-3 mi. plant at left of rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN newell, c.l. krajina, v.j. collector number: 241 Hawaii BISH 8/2/1966
4 Plantago australis Lam. volcano road Densely forested slope PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1042 h Oahu BISH 7/2/1915
5 Plantago australis Lam. waikamoi stream, pipe line trail wet trail in montane rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN fosberg, f.r. collector number: 42039 Maui BISH 9/4/1961
6 Plantago australis Lam. Chain of Craters Rd. about 4.1 mi toward Kalapana from inersection with Crater Rim Road. Drive up side road with cable across entrance (Escape Rd.) between 1-3 mi Plant at left of rd PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Newell, C.L. 241 Hawaii BISH 8/2/1966
7 Plantago australis Lam. top of kulani PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 984 Hawaii BISH 6/28/1916
8 Plantago australis Lam. Keauhou Ranch, (near T- KE), Kau district Skid trail in disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia koa closed forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. State ESP team Collector Number: 016 Hawaii BISH 10/25/1979
9 Plantago australis Lam. Paauhau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 3246 Hawaii BISH
10 Plantago australis Lam. Kohala Mts., upper Hamakua ditch trail from end of access rd, above Waikoloa reservoirs 1 and 2 In `ohi`a-Cheirodendron dwarf forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5537 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1985
11 Plantago australis Lam. keauhou ranch, (near t- ke), kau district Skid trail in disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia koa closed forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. state esp team collector number: 016 Hawaii BISH 10/25/1979
12 Plantago australis Lam. Parker Ranch, Puu kapu, pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Ewart III, G.R. 265 Hawaii BISH 5/30/1932
13 Plantago australis Lam. Kahua Ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 1627 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1936
14 Plantago australis Lam. East Maui, Ukulele PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 169 Maui BISH 7/1/1910
15 Plantago australis Lam. Volcano Road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1042 H Hawaii BISH 7/2/1915
16 Plantago australis Lam. Bog, upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, South Hilo Wet, open area surrounded by `ohi`a forest, growing with Juncus and Carex PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 799 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1981
17 Plantago australis Lam. east maui, along olinda flume, waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN crosby, m.r. anderson, w.r. collector number: 1783 Maui BISH 7/16/1964
18 Plantago australis Lam. upper waiakea forest reserve, pole #8, 100 ft e. of powerline road Small, wet, open, kipuka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herbst, d.r. collector number: 5932 Hawaii BISH 7/6/1977
19 Plantago australis Lam. s. hilo district. pauukaa ahu. trail 21(50); e. slope of mauna kea, across large stream; awehi stream bank Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern, and native shrub understory. Growing on much exposed pahoehoe. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN warshauer, f.r. collector number: frw 1391 Hawaii BISH 9/11/1977
20 Plantago australis Lam. Puukapu, Waimea, S. Kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hosaka, E.Y. 2140 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1938
21 Plantago australis Lam. parker ranch, puu kapu, pasture PRESERVED_SPECIMEN ewart iii, g.r. neal, m. collector number: 265 Hawaii BISH 5/30/1932
22 Plantago australis Lam. e. of humuula, below kalaieha on aa, under lehua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: 691 Oahu BISH 8/7/1935
23 Plantago australis Lam. E Maui, 0.25 mi S of Paliku Cabins, Haleakala Crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J. S. 3893b Maui US 7/16/1969
24 Plantago australis Lam. East Island, Waikamoi rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. s.n. Maui BISH 8/14/1933
25 Plantago australis Lam. paauhau. main place kauahiakaoka Covering the ground densly. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 3139 Hawaii BISH 6/24/1909
26 Plantago australis Lam. S. Hilo District. Pauukaa Ahu. Trail 21(50); E. slope of Mauna Kea, across large stream; Awehi Stream bank Wet `ohi`a forest with other native trees and a treefern, and native shrub understory. Growing on much exposed pahoehoe. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Warshauer, F.R. FRW 1391 Hawaii BISH 9/11/1977
27 Plantago australis Lam. holealoha PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 799 Hawaii US 6/10/1915
28 Plantago australis Lam. e maui, 0.25 mi s of paliku cabins, haleakala crater PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. s. henrickson 3893b Maui US 7/16/1969
29 Plantago australis Lam. east island, waikamoi rain forest Found in wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN neal, m.c. hartt, c. collector number: s.n. Oahu BISH 8/14/1933
30 Plantago australis Lam. N. Hilo, Saddle Road ~38.4 km from Hilo roadside, sunny PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herat, T. 747 Hawaii BISH 6/22/1974
31 Plantago australis Lam. East Maui, Haleakala Crater, .25 m S of Paliku Cabins PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J.S. 3893b Maui BISH 7/16/1969
32 Plantago australis Lam. east maui, haleakala crater, .25 m s of paliku cabins PRESERVED_SPECIMEN henrickson, j.s. collector number: 3893b Hawaii BISH 7/16/1969
33 Plantago australis Lam. East Maui, along Olinda Flume, Waikamoi PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Crosby, M.R. 1783 Maui BISH 7/16/1964
34 Plantago australis Lam. kautago PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/3/1909
35 Plantago australis Lam. E. of Humuula, below Kalaieha on aa, under lehua PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Neal, M.C. 691 Hawaii BISH 8/7/1935
36 Plantago australis Lam. parker ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 3138 Hawaii BISH 6/24/1909
37 Plantago australis Lam. puukapu, waimea, s. kohala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 2140 Hawaii BISH 6/2/1938
38 Plantago australis Lam. Waikamoi Stream, pipe line trail wet trail in montane rain forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F.R. 42039 Maui BISH 9/4/1961
39 Plantago australis Lam. n. hilo, saddle road ~38.4 km from hilo In lawn and on edge of cleared border. Partly sunny. Common weed in areas where soil is disturbed. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN herat, t. herat, r.; higashino, p.k. collector number: 747 Oahu BISH 6/22/1974
40 Plantago australis Lam. east maui, kaupo gapl crater of haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN forbes, c.n. collector number: 1249 Maui BISH 8/25/1919
41 Plantago australis Lam. kukaiwaa peninsula; along the northeast coast of kukaiwaa peninsula In short cropped grass, frequented by goats. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 3080 Molokai BISH 8/27/1989
42 Plantago australis Lam. East Maui, Kaupo Gapl Crater of Haleakala PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 1249 Maui BISH 8/25/1919
43 Plantago australis Lam. Parker Ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 3138 Hawaii BISH 6/24/1909
44 Plantago australis Lam. Upper Waiakea Forest Reserve, pole #8, 100 ft E. of powerline road Small, wet, open, kipuka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D.R. 5932 Hawaii BISH 7/6/1977
45 Plantago australis Lam. bog, upper waiakea forest reserve, south hilo in garden PRESERVED_SPECIMEN cuddihy, l.w. collector number: 799 Oahu BISH 6/23/1981
46 Plantago australis Lam. Paauhau. Main place Kauahiakaoka Covering the ground densly. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. 3139 Hawaii BISH 6/24/1909
47 Plantago australis Lam. paauhau PRESERVED_SPECIMEN rock, j.f.c. collector number: 3246 Oahu BISH
48 Plantago australis Lam. east maui, hana district, haleakala crater, kaupo gap, at cove s of waikekeehia PRESERVED_SPECIMEN st.john, h. mitchell, a.l. collector number: 21208 Maui BISH 8/27/1945
49 Plantago australis Lam. Holealoha PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 799 Hawaii BISH 6/10/1915
50 Plantago australis Lam. Kukaiwaa Peninsula; along the northeast coast of Kukaiwaa Peninsula In short cropped grass, frequented by goats. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 3080 Molokai BISH 8/27/1989
51 Plantago australis Lam. Keauhou Ranch, (near T- KE), Kau district Skid trail in disturbed Metrosideros - Acacia koa closed forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Cuddihy, L.W. 16 Hawaii BISH 10/25/1979
52 Plantago australis Lam. Kautago PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J.F.C. s.n. Hawaii BISH 7/3/1909
53 Plantago australis Lam. Top of Kulani PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C.N. 984 Hawaii BISH 6/28/1916
54 Plantago australis Lam. olaa; trail to site 31 os olaa forest reserve Closed healthy forest. Soil a moderately deep & well drained organic/ash over a pahoehoe flow. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, Cheirodendron trigynum, Coprosma spp. & Psychotria hawaiiensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN adee, k.t. collector number: s.n. Hawaii BISH 6/28/1979
55 Plantago australis Lam. kahua ranch PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hosaka, e.y. collector number: 1627 Hawaii BISH 9/4/1936
56 Plantago australis Lam. Olaa; Trail to Site 31 OS Olaa Forest Reserve Closed healthy forest. Soil a moderately deep & well drained organic/ash over a pahoehoe flow. Primary vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha, Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, Cheirodendron trigynum, Coprosma spp. & Psychotria hawaiiensis. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Adee, K.T. s.n. Hawaii BISH 6/28/1979
57 Plantago australis Lam. kohala mts., upper hamakua ditch trail from end of access rd, above waikoloa reservoirs 1 and 2 In `ohi`a-Cheirodendron dwarf forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. mill, s.w.; lammers, t.; weller, s.; sakai, a.; davis-jacobsen, j. collector number: 5537 Hawaii BISH 6/23/1985
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